Population Pressures and Environmental Degradation
Last Hundred years have had vast population increase.
As a result of agriculture, industry, science, medicine and social organizations the population rose:In developing nations the population growth exceeds 3.1%, which almost promises that the population would double within 23 years.
500 million in 1650
2.5 billion 1950
5.5 billion in 1994
7 billion in 2012
Projected for 11.6 billion in 2020
Some people say that the odds of population explosion is unlikely, and that the facts and consequences are exaggerated.
They say that it is actually receding.
One reason is food production, although it has kept pace with the population people don't believe it can continue to keep up with the pace of growth.
Fertility rates have also dropped over the past 20 years.
The Planet's Carrying Capacity
How much the earth can actually hold is unknown, and a matter of debate.
Scientist and Citizens are concerned about the physical limits of the earth.
International economists and scientists formed the Club of Rome.
1972 issued "The Limits to Growth"
1992 scientists signed the document "Warning to Humanity"
Environmental Impact
Population increases; pollution increases, extinction of species, less natural resources
Main environmental issues: biodiversity and global warming
Urbanization, extension agriculture, exploitation of resources serious threats too biodiversity
Extinction threatens 4500 animal species
Atmospheric pollutions contributes to global warming; greenhouse gases prevent heat from leaving earth's astmosphere
CH4, CO2, burning fossil fuels could lead to rise in sea levels
In Kyoto, 1997; 159 countries signed to cut greenhouse emissions (India and China not included)
Population Control
Highly politicized issue; developing countries pleaded racism against industrialized countries
Luis Echeverria, Mexico, promoted births... This caused problems
80 countries adopted birth control program; UN aided many countries, promoting family planning programs
China reduced birthrate with 1 child policy; resistance had religious and political motives
Economic Inequities and Labor Servitude
Unequal distribution of resources and income materialized in contemporary world
Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Asia in poverty; lack of basic human necessities
Malnutrition led to starvation and death; stunts growth, poor mental development, high rates of infection
Lack of vitamins and nutrients led to mental disorders, organ damage, vision failure
The Causes of Poverty
Division of rich and poor; uneven distribution of resources in nations and world economy
Economic globalization generated more wealth for developed nations
Labor Servitude
Slavery abolished worldwide by 1960's; particularly child-labor servitude
250 million children worldwide between ages of 5 and 14 living in environments diminishing physical health and emotional well being
Most common in south to southeast Asia; most common resulting in agriculture, family business, sex trade, and domestic service
Trafficking
Growing and present global problem: trafficking of people
Women and young girls lured with promises of high paying jobs, end up in sex trade: profitable but criminal generating billions of dollars annually
Global Diseases
Played significant role in development of human communities, dramatic and
destructive
Columbian exchange (Christopher Columbus) killed between 20 to 40 million people; more than result of Great War
Scientist eradicated smallpox and diphtheria, major victories
HIV / AIDS
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, destruction of immune system which leads to infections resulting in death
Contributing factors: poverty, ignorance, expensive drugs, sexual promiscuity
First found in New York and San Francisco by homosexual men and intravenous drug ussers
Epidemic appered in sub-Sahara Africa
By 2003, 37.8 million people living with the infection, over 20 million dead
AIDS in Africa
Affected children in two ways: disease infected them and left them as orphans
Threaten to overwhelm social and economic statures of African societies, destroyed progress toward healthier continent
Leaves burdens on those who are care takers, diminishing pool of trained workers
No vaccine or cure, India may escalate problem in next decade
Global Terrorism
Greatest recent impact by rapid technological advances, transportation, communications and weapon development
Grew after World War II, attempts to over throw governments through groups
Defining Terrorism
No defined term, universal conclusion "One person's terrorist is one person's freedom fighter"
Act of force by deliberate act of violence against civilians; mainly about religious views, political issues, ideological clashes
Limited in size or resources, gained renewed attention on September 11th in the United States
September 11th, 2001
4 hijacked planes used as guided missiles by 19 terrorists; 2 to World Trade Center, 1 White House, 1 Pentagon
US launched massive investigation into Islamic militant Osama bin Laden
Bush declared war on Osama bin Laden and global terrorism
Head of al-Qaeda, 17th of 52 children, well known as Islamic warrior (mujahideen) in fight between Soviets and Afghans
Carrying out his god's will, Osama ordered all Muslims to kill Americans "at all costs" in 1998; proclaiming jihad (holy war)
Osama declared Jihad because he was angered by American presence in Saudi Arabia.
War in Afghanistan and Iraq
Creation of Islamic state of Afghanistan in 1996 by Taliban movement
Strict Islamic law; dress code, media and entertainment orders, trained Islamic fighters for Osama and al-Qaeda
Women banned from most recreational activities, male dominated society
October 7, 2001; US forces smashed both Taliban and al-Qaeda, took over key Afghan cities: war far from over
March 2003, launching of "Operation Iraqi Freedom", warfare on Saddam Hussein, suspected of stockpiling chemical and biological weapons
December 30, 2006 Saddam Hussein was hanged.
Coping with Global Problems: International Organizations
National borders become less important during global crime, private organizations increasing behind the national state
Nongovernmental Organizations
Prototypical NGO is Red Cross; founded by Swiss philanthropist Jean Henri Dunant, to alleviate surrfering of POW, soliders, and civilians
1864, 12 nations signed Geneva Convention, laid down rules for treatment for wounded and POW
Recently Red Cross extended help to civilians during natural disasters
Greenpeace- organization to environmental status of Earth and its diverse animal and plant life
The United Nations
Attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with any matter of humanity
Not legislative, each country has a voice in shaping the community of nations
Principal purpose is to maintain international peace and security
Had times of ups and downs: war between Iran and Iraq to increasing African literacy in females
Human Rights
Nations turned attention to human rights and well being, protection of an individual from state and international law with rights
Recognition of need rights after World War II, leak of Nazi regime of treating humans
1945, fifty members pledged to achieve "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights, and fundamental freedoms"
3 years later, Universal Declaration of Human Rights was put into act; singled out violations and discrimnations
1980's, human rights emerged as global view
Causes frequent arguments between nations; different stages of economic status and economic development
Global Problems (1142-1156)
Population Pressures and Environmental Degradation
Last Hundred years have had vast population increase.
As a result of agriculture, industry, science, medicine and social organizations the population rose:In developing nations the population growth exceeds 3.1%, which almost promises that the population would double within 23 years.
Some people say that the odds of population explosion is unlikely, and that the facts and consequences are exaggerated.
They say that it is actually receding.
One reason is food production, although it has kept pace with the population people don't believe it can continue to keep up with the pace of growth.
Fertility rates have also dropped over the past 20 years.
The Planet's Carrying Capacity
How much the earth can actually hold is unknown, and a matter of debate.
Scientist and Citizens are concerned about the physical limits of the earth.
International economists and scientists formed the Club of Rome.
1972 issued "The Limits to Growth"
1992 scientists signed the document "Warning to Humanity"
Environmental Impact
Population increases; pollution increases, extinction of species, less natural resources
Main environmental issues: biodiversity and global warming
Urbanization, extension agriculture, exploitation of resources serious threats too biodiversity
Extinction threatens 4500 animal species
Atmospheric pollutions contributes to global warming; greenhouse gases prevent heat from leaving earth's astmosphere
CH4, CO2, burning fossil fuels could lead to rise in sea levels
In Kyoto, 1997; 159 countries signed to cut greenhouse emissions (India and China not included)
Population Control
Highly politicized issue; developing countries pleaded racism against industrialized countries
Luis Echeverria, Mexico, promoted births... This caused problems
80 countries adopted birth control program; UN aided many countries, promoting family planning programs
China reduced birthrate with 1 child policy; resistance had religious and political motives
Economic Inequities and Labor Servitude
Unequal distribution of resources and income materialized in contemporary world
Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Asia in poverty; lack of basic human necessities
Malnutrition led to starvation and death; stunts growth, poor mental development, high rates of infection
Lack of vitamins and nutrients led to mental disorders, organ damage, vision failure
The Causes of Poverty
Division of rich and poor; uneven distribution of resources in nations and world economy
Economic globalization generated more wealth for developed nations
Labor Servitude
Slavery abolished worldwide by 1960's; particularly child-labor servitude
250 million children worldwide between ages of 5 and 14 living in environments diminishing physical health and emotional well being
Most common in south to southeast Asia; most common resulting in agriculture, family business, sex trade, and domestic service
Trafficking
Growing and present global problem: trafficking of people
Women and young girls lured with promises of high paying jobs, end up in sex trade: profitable but criminal generating billions of dollars annually
Global Diseases
Played significant role in development of human communities, dramatic and
destructive
Columbian exchange (Christopher Columbus) killed between 20 to 40 million people; more than result of Great War
Scientist eradicated smallpox and diphtheria, major victories
HIV / AIDS
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, destruction of immune system which leads to infections resulting in death
Contributing factors: poverty, ignorance, expensive drugs, sexual promiscuity
First found in New York and San Francisco by homosexual men and intravenous drug ussers
Epidemic appered in sub-Sahara Africa
By 2003, 37.8 million people living with the infection, over 20 million dead
AIDS in Africa
Affected children in two ways: disease infected them and left them as orphans
Threaten to overwhelm social and economic statures of African societies, destroyed progress toward healthier continent
Leaves burdens on those who are care takers, diminishing pool of trained workers
No vaccine or cure, India may escalate problem in next decade
Global Terrorism
Greatest recent impact by rapid technological advances, transportation, communications and weapon development
Grew after World War II, attempts to over throw governments through groups
Defining Terrorism
No defined term, universal conclusion "One person's terrorist is one person's freedom fighter"
Act of force by deliberate act of violence against civilians; mainly about religious views, political issues, ideological clashes
Limited in size or resources, gained renewed attention on September 11th in the United States
September 11th, 2001
4 hijacked planes used as guided missiles by 19 terrorists; 2 to World Trade Center, 1 White House, 1 Pentagon
US launched massive investigation into Islamic militant Osama bin Laden
Bush declared war on Osama bin Laden and global terrorism
Head of al-Qaeda, 17th of 52 children, well known as Islamic warrior (mujahideen) in fight between Soviets and Afghans
Carrying out his god's will, Osama ordered all Muslims to kill Americans "at all costs" in 1998; proclaiming jihad (holy war)
Osama declared Jihad because he was angered by American presence in Saudi Arabia.
War in Afghanistan and Iraq
Creation of Islamic state of Afghanistan in 1996 by Taliban movement
Strict Islamic law; dress code, media and entertainment orders, trained Islamic fighters for Osama and al-Qaeda
Women banned from most recreational activities, male dominated society
October 7, 2001; US forces smashed both Taliban and al-Qaeda, took over key Afghan cities: war far from over
March 2003, launching of "Operation Iraqi Freedom", warfare on Saddam Hussein, suspected of stockpiling chemical and biological weapons
December 30, 2006 Saddam Hussein was hanged.
Coping with Global Problems: International Organizations
National borders become less important during global crime, private organizations increasing behind the national state
Nongovernmental Organizations
Prototypical NGO is Red Cross; founded by Swiss philanthropist Jean Henri Dunant, to alleviate surrfering of POW, soliders, and civilians
1864, 12 nations signed Geneva Convention, laid down rules for treatment for wounded and POW
Recently Red Cross extended help to civilians during natural disasters
Greenpeace- organization to environmental status of Earth and its diverse animal and plant life
The United Nations
Attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with any matter of humanity
Not legislative, each country has a voice in shaping the community of nations
Principal purpose is to maintain international peace and security
Had times of ups and downs: war between Iran and Iraq to increasing African literacy in females
Human Rights
Nations turned attention to human rights and well being, protection of an individual from state and international law with rights
Recognition of need rights after World War II, leak of Nazi regime of treating humans
1945, fifty members pledged to achieve "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights, and fundamental freedoms"
3 years later, Universal Declaration of Human Rights was put into act; singled out violations and discrimnations
1980's, human rights emerged as global view
Causes frequent arguments between nations; different stages of economic status and economic development
THE AMAZING AP WORLD HISTORY GAME SHOW: JEOPARDY